Publication Ethics

This journal is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics and takes all possible measures against publication malpractice.

Responsibilities of authors

• Submit original work that has not been published elsewhere.
• Properly acknowledge the work of others.
• Avoid plagiarism, data fabrication, and data falsification.
• Disclose any conflicts of interest.
• Ensure all listed authors have contributed significantly to the work.

Responsibilities of reviewers

• Provide objective, constructive, and timely reviews.
• Treat manuscripts as confidential documents.
• Declare conflicts of interest and decline review when necessary.
• Identify relevant published work not cited by the authors when appropriate.

Responsibilities of editors

• Make fair and impartial editorial decisions.
• Preserve reviewer anonymity where applicable.
• Take reasonable steps when ethical complaints arise.
• Reject manuscripts with clear ethical violations.

Research misconduct

Cases involving plagiarism, duplicate publication, citation manipulation, image manipulation, undisclosed conflicts of interest, or fraudulent data may result in rejection, correction, retraction, or notification to the relevant institution.

Corrections and retractions

Where necessary, the journal will publish corrections, clarifications, expressions of concern, or retractions in line with good editorial practice.