Optimization of Sidelap and Overlap Parameters in UAV Data Acquisition for Earthwork Volume Accuracy on the Pekanbaru Ring Road Toll Project
Abstract
Earthwork volume calculation plays a vital role in determining physical progress and validating payment claims in large-scale infrastructure projects such as the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road (JTTS). As the main contractor, PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur is responsible for ensuring high precision in volume estimation in accordance with technical standards and actual site conditions. UAV-based photogrammetry has emerged as an efficient and scalable method for acquiring topographic data and accelerating the assessment of earthwork volumes. Among the factors affecting model accuracy, the configuration of sidelap and overlap during UAV flight planning is critical to achieving an optimal balance between data quality and processing efficiency. This study investigates the impact of different sidelap–overlap settings on the accuracy of digital elevation models (DEMs) and earthwork volume calculations on the Pekanbaru Ring Road Toll Project. Volumetric analysis was benchmarked against total station (TS) reference data. Results indicate that the 80%–80% configuration produced the lowest vertical RMSE (0.028 m), followed by 70%–70% (0.031 m) and 75%–75% (0.038 m). However, in terms of volume deviation from TS reference—computed across STA 1+100 to STA 1+475 (with a reference volume of 60,216.48 m³)—the 75%–75% configuration demonstrated the highest accuracy, with a deviation of just 809.70 m³ or approximately ±1.34%. These findings suggest that while higher overlap reduces RMSE, it does not always lead to better volumetric accuracy. The 75%–75% configuration provides the best trade-off between technical precision and computational efficiency. UAV-based volume estimation proved to be slightly conservative yet remained within acceptable engineering tolerances. This validates its reliability for embankment analysis and highlights the method’s potential to reduce survey time compared to conventional total station workflows—supporting the integration of digital construction practices and spatial data-driven project monitoring in line with PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur’s strategic initiatives.
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